455 lines
12 KiB
C++
455 lines
12 KiB
C++
/*Notes: 輸入可為
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w={"Mary":10, "Tom":3, "Charlie":5, "Bob":6, "Dickens":20, 4:9, "z":0, "Za":12, "aZ":8}
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w={10:10, 20:3, 5:5, 17:6, 23:20, 18:9, 3:0, 9:12}
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w={10:10, 5:5, 9:6, 3:20, 7:9}
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w={"A":10, "B":3, "C":5, "D":20 ,"E":30 }
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w={"D":10, "C":3, "B":5, "A":6}
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del w["A"]
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del w["Dickens"]
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del w["Mary"]
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del w["aZ"]
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del w
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w={"B":3, "A":10}
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w["A"]=10
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w["B"]=20
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w["Tom"]+=2
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w[4]?
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w?
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*/
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#include <stdio.h> /* for sscanf(), printf() */
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h> /* for strstr(), strtok(), strtok_r() */
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#include <conio.h>
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/* 定義dict結構 */
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typedef struct dict { /* 引線二元搜尋樹節點之資料結構，實作字典 */
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char key[20]; /* 紀錄該節點的「鍵」(key)內容 */
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int value; /* 紀錄「鍵」對應之「值」(value)內容 */
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struct dict *llink; /* 指向左子樹根或引線用途 */
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struct dict *rlink; /* 指向右子樹根或引線用途 */
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int lbit; /* 指示 llink 是否為正常指標 */
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int rbit; /* 指示 rlink 是否為正常指標 */
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} dict;
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void show(void); /* 輸出函數 */
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void insert(char [], int); /* 將資料加入二元搜尋樹 */
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void insert_left(struct dict *s, struct dict *t);
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void insert_right(struct dict *s, struct dict *t);
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void removing(char []); /* 將資料從二元搜尋樹中移除 */
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void inorder(struct dict *); /* 資料以中序法輸出 */
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void free_all_nodes(struct dict *node);
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dict *search_p(struct dict *node);
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dict *search(char []); /* 搜尋節點 */
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dict *insuc(dict *ptr);
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dict *root = NULL, *ptr, *prev ,*head = NULL ;
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int main(){
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head = (dict *)malloc(sizeof(dict));
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if (head == NULL) {
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printf("記憶體分配失敗！\n");
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return 1;
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}
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head->lbit = head->rbit = 1;
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head->rlink = head;
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head->llink = root;
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char *token, key[12], line[128];
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const char *s = " ={},"; /* 分隔符記的字元 */
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int value;
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char *rest ,option;
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printf("輸入存取字典的陳述，逕按<Enter>結束程式\n");
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while (1) {
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printf("\n指令 => ");
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fgets(line,128,stdin); /* 使用gets()讀取也可以，但因gets()未設讀入字元數的限制，可能導致儲存輸入字元的陣列空間爆掉 */
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if (line[0]=='\n') break; /* 輸入空字串則跳離此迴圈 */
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if (strstr(line,"{")) { /* line含有"{" */
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sscanf(line,"w = {%[^}]}",line);
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rest = line;
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while (token = strtok_r(rest,s,&rest)) { /* strtok_r()的用法可參見 http://bit.ly/3VcvbbZ */
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/* printf("%s\n",token); */
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if (strstr(token,":")) {/* token含有":" */
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sscanf(token,"%[^:]:%d",key,&value);
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// printf("key=%s,value=%d\n",key,value);
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insert(key,value);
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}
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}
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}else if (strstr(line,"del")) {
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if(sscanf(line,"del w[%[^]]]",key)){
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removing(key);
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printf("\n新的root節點為w[%s]\n",root->key);
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}else{
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printf("無法判讀將刪除哪一個元素，將刪除整個字典? (y/n) => ");
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scanf("%c",&option);
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fflush(stdin);
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if (option == 'y' || option == 'Y') {
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free_all_nodes(root);
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root = NULL;
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}else{
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printf("取消刪除所有字典\n");
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}
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}
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}else if (strstr(line,"+=")) { /* line含有"+=" */
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sscanf(line,"w[%[^]]] +=%d",key,&value);
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dict *modify_node;
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if((modify_node = search(key)) == NULL){ /* 找不到資料則顯示錯誤 */
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printf("錯誤! %s 不在此二元搜尋樹中!\n", key);
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}else{
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modify_node->value += value;
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printf("新設w[%s]=%d\n",key,modify_node->value);
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}
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}else if (strstr(line,"=")) { /* line含有"=" */
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sscanf(line,"w[%[^]]] = %d",key,&value);
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dict *add_node;
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if (root == NULL){
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insert(key,value);
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printf("新設w[%s]=%d\n",key,root->value);
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}else{
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if((add_node = search(key)) == NULL){ /* 找不到資料則新增資料 */
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insert(key,value);
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printf("%s 不在此二元搜尋樹中!\n", key);
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printf("新設w[%s]=%d\n",key,value);
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}else{
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add_node->value = value;
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printf("新設w[%s]=%d\n",key,add_node->value);
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}
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}
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}else if (sscanf(line,"w[%[^]]]?",key)==1){
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dict *read_node;
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if((read_node = search(key)) == NULL){ /* 找不到資料則新增資料 */
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printf("錯誤! %s 不在此二元搜尋樹中!\n", key);
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}else{
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printf("字典元素w[%s]=%d\n",key,read_node->value);
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}
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}else if (strstr(line,"?")) show();
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else printf("語法無法辨認，sorry!\n");
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}
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printf("\n程式結束，刪除所有節點，bye ~\n");
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free_all_nodes(root);
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free(head);
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return 0;
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}
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void insert(char key[], int value) {
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// 檢查是否已存在
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if (search(key) != NULL) {
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printf("%s 已存在!\n", key);
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return;
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}
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// 建立新節點
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ptr = (struct dict *) malloc(sizeof(struct dict));
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strcpy(ptr->key, key);
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ptr->value = value;
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ptr->lbit = ptr->rbit = 0;
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ptr->llink = ptr->rlink = head; // 明確初始化為 NULL
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// 處理空樹的情況
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if (root == NULL) {
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root = ptr;
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head->llink = root; // head 的左鏈結指向 root
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root->llink = head; // root 的左執行緒指向 head
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root->rlink = head; // root 的右執行緒指向 head
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return;
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}
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// 尋找插入位置
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dict *current = root;
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dict *parent;
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while (1) {
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parent = current;
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if (strcmp(ptr->key, current->key) < 0) { // 往左走
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if (current->lbit == 0) { // 找到插入位置
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insert_left(current, ptr);
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break;
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}
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current = current->llink;
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}else { // 往右走
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if (current->rbit == 0) { // 找到插入位置
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insert_right(current, ptr);
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break;
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}
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current = current->rlink;
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}
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}
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}
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// 在某節點左方插入新節點
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void insert_left(struct dict *s, struct dict *t) {
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t->llink = s->llink; // 新節點的左子節點指向原節點的左子節點
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t->rlink = s; // 新節點的右子節點指向原節點
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t->lbit = s->lbit; // 新節點繼承原節點的左位元值
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t->rbit = 0; // 設定右位元為引線
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s->llink = t; // 原節點的左子節點指向新節點
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s->lbit = 1; // 設定左位元為正常鏈結
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if (t->lbit == 1) {
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dict *p = t->llink;
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while (p->rbit == 1)
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p = p->rlink;
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p->rlink = t;
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}
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}
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// 在某節點右方插入新節點
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void insert_right(struct dict *s, struct dict *t) {
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t->rlink = s->rlink; // 新節點的右子節點指向原節點的右子節點
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t->rbit = s->rbit; // 新節點繼承原節點的右位元值
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t->llink = s; // 新節點的左子節點指向原節點
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t->lbit = 0; // 設定左位元為引線
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s->rlink = t; // 原節點的右子節點指向新節點
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s->rbit = 1; // 設定右位元為正常鏈結
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// 尋找前驅節點並更新引線
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if (t->rbit == 1) {
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dict *p = t->rlink;
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while (p->lbit == 1)
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p = p->llink;
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p->llink = t;
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}
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}
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/* 將資料從二元搜尋樹中移除 */
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void removing(char key[]) {
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dict *del_node = search(key);
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if (del_node == NULL) {
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printf("%s 不在此二元搜尋樹中!\n", key);
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return;
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}
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dict *parent = search_p(del_node);
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//若為葉節點
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if (del_node->lbit == 0 && del_node->rbit == 0) {
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if (parent == NULL) { // 刪除的是根節點
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root = NULL;
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head->llink = head;
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} else if (parent->llink == del_node) {
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parent->llink = del_node->llink; // 繼承左引線
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parent->lbit = 0;
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} else {
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parent->rlink = del_node->rlink; // 繼承右引線
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parent->rbit = 0;
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}
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free(del_node);
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}
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// 若只有左子樹
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else if (del_node->lbit == 1 && del_node->rbit == 0) {
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dict *left_child = del_node->llink;
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dict *successor = del_node->rlink; // 保存後繼節點
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// 找到左子樹的最右節點
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dict *rightmost = left_child;
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while (rightmost->rbit == 1) {
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rightmost = rightmost->rlink;
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}
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// 更新連接
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rightmost->rlink = successor;
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if (parent == NULL) {
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root = left_child;
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head->llink = root;
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} else if (parent->llink == del_node) {
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parent->llink = left_child;
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} else {
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parent->rlink = left_child;
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}
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free(del_node);
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}
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// 若只有右子樹
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else if (del_node->lbit == 0 && del_node->rbit == 1) {
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dict *right_child = del_node->rlink;
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dict *predecessor = del_node->llink; // 保存前驅節點
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// 找到右子樹的最左節點
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dict *leftmost = right_child;
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while (leftmost->lbit == 1) {
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leftmost = leftmost->llink;
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}
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// 更新連接
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leftmost->llink = predecessor;
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if (parent == NULL) {
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root = right_child;
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head->llink = root;
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} else if (parent->llink == del_node) {
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parent->llink = right_child;
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} else {
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parent->rlink = right_child;
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}
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free(del_node);
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}
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// 若有兩個子樹
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else {
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// 找左子樹中最大的節點
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dict *predecessor = del_node->llink;
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dict *pred_parent = del_node;
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while (predecessor->rbit == 1) {
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pred_parent = predecessor;
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predecessor = predecessor->rlink;
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}
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// 複製後繼節點的數據到被刪除節點
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strcpy(del_node->key, predecessor->key);
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del_node->value = predecessor->value;
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// 移除後繼節點
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if (pred_parent == del_node) {
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del_node->llink = predecessor->llink;
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del_node->lbit = predecessor->lbit;
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} else {
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pred_parent->rlink = predecessor->rlink;
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pred_parent->rbit = predecessor->rbit;
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}
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free(predecessor);
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}
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printf("刪除w[%s]元素\n", key);
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}
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void show(void) {
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if (root == NULL) {
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puts("二元搜尋樹是空的!");
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return;
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}
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printf("字典變數內部儲存的元素(key：value)如下\n");
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inorder(root);
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}
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// 使用引線特性進行中序遍歷
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void inorder(dict *root) {
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if (root == NULL) {
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printf("二元搜尋樹是空的!\n");
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return;
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}
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dict *current = root;
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// 先找到最左邊的節點
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while (current->lbit == 1) {
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current = current->llink;
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}
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while (1) {
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printf("%s：%d\n", current->key, current->value);
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current = insuc(current);
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if (current == NULL || current == head) {
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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// 尋找中序後繼節點
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dict *insuc(dict *ptr) {
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if (ptr == NULL) return NULL;
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// 如果有右子樹
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if (ptr->rbit == 1) {
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// 移至右子樹
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ptr = ptr->rlink;
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// 然後一直往左走直到不能再走
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while (ptr->lbit == 1) {
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ptr = ptr->llink;
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}
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return ptr;
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}
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// 如果沒有右子樹，則返回右引線指向的節點
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return ptr->rlink;
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}
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/* 搜尋target所在節點 */
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struct dict *search(char target[]) {
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struct dict *node = root;
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while (node != NULL && node != head) { // 加入 head 的檢查以防止走到頭節點
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int cmp = strcmp(target, node->key);
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if (cmp == 0) {
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return node; // 找到目標節點
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} else if (cmp < 0) { // target 小於目前節點，往左搜尋
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if (node->lbit == 0) { // 如果左邊是引線
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return NULL; // 代表找不到目標
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}
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node = node->llink;
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} else { // target 大於目前節點，往右搜尋
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if (node->rbit == 0) { // 如果右邊是引線
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return NULL; // 代表找不到目標
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}
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node = node->rlink;
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}
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}
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return NULL; // 找不到目標
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}
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/* 搜尋node的父節點 */
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struct dict *search_p(struct dict *node) {
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if (node == NULL || node == root) {
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return NULL;
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}
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struct dict *current = root;
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struct dict *parent = NULL;
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while (current != NULL && current != head) {
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int cmp = strcmp(node->key, current->key);
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if (cmp == 0) { // 找到目標節點，返回其父節點
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return parent;
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}
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parent = current; // 更新父節點
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if (cmp < 0) { // 目標在左子樹
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if (current->lbit == 0) { // 如果是引線
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return NULL; // 找不到目標
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}
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current = current->llink;
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} else { // 目標在右子樹
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if (current->rbit == 0) { // 如果是引線
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return NULL; // 找不到目標
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}
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current = current->rlink;
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}
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}
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return NULL; // 沒有找到目標節點
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}
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// 釋放所有節點
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void free_all_nodes(struct dict *root) {
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if (root == NULL) {
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return;
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}
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dict *current = root;
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dict *temp;
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// 找到最左邊的節點
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while (current->lbit == 1) {
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current = current->llink;
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}
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// 使用引線特性遍歷並釋放節點
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while (current != head) {
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temp = current;
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current = insuc(current);
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printf("刪除'w[%s]=%d'節點\n", temp->key, temp->value);
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free(temp);
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}
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root = NULL;
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}
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